Counselling - 2350 Words

Task 1: Describe the purpose and nature of counselling The function of personal counselling is to help people to resolve problem areas in their life. Counselling provides an opportunity for the person to explore the difficult feelings, thoughts and behaviours that have blocked the way to satisfying relationships, personal happiness. The purpose of counselling is to help clients achieve their personal goals, and gain greater insight into their lives. One hopes that by the end of this process one will be more satisfied with his or her life. Counselling is not a process where the counsellor tells the client what he or she should do or decides choices for the client to make. Rather it is an opportunity for the client to come to a greater†¦show more content†¦Counselling is based on trust and honesty where the counsellor offers to client unconditional respect and regard without being judgemental. Working in a confidential setting, counselors listen attentively to their clients and offer them the time, empathy and respect they need to express their own feelings, and perhaps understand themselves from a different perspective, thereby reducing their confusion and enabling them to make changes in their life if they decide to do so. 2, Responsibilities to all clients: Counsellors take all reasonable steps to avoid harm to their clients as a result of the counselling process, they faced with situations which extend the boundary of their competence seek supervision and consider referral to other professionals. In the event of harm resulting from counselling, counsellors take responsibility for restitution. Professional indemnity should be considered. They are responsible for setting and maintaining professional boundaries within the counselling relation. 3, maintaining competent practice: Practitioners are responsible for ensuring that they have training in the use of counselling skills and that this training is appropriate and sufficient for the counselling work they undertake. They are responsible for working within the limits of their competence. Both practitioners and the organisations for whom they work have a responsibility for monitoring and developing the practitioner’sShow MoreRelatedEthical Framework, Limits of Proficiency and the Limitations on Counsellors Compared to Other Professions That Use Counselling Skills1297 Words   |  6 PagesLIMITATIONS ON COUNSELLORS COMPARED TO OTHER PROFESSIONS THAT USE COUNSELLING SKILLS. The Ethical Framework is made up of rules and regulations within which Counsellors and Psychotherapists strive to achieve in order to attain a high professional standard. It protects client and counsellor and compounds values, principles and personal moral qualities for counsellors to work alongside in order to achieve the highest standard of counselling for clients. These include safety, record keeping, confidentialityRead MoreCounselling And The Scope Of Counselling Relationships1432 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the purpose of counselling and the scope of counselling relationships, including professional limitations. Purpose of Counselling †¢ A counsellor seeks to bring about positive change in the way a client thinks and behaves, with empathy and genuineness, so they can make the change within themselves. †¢ This is done through the use of certain communication skills to make the client feel at ease so they feel comfortable to recognise and deal with any issues they have and together with the counsellorRead MoreCounselling3237 Words   |  13 Pages She is totally acting according to the person-centred approach as Dr Berman is real and genuine. She is not pretending. As stated in the study guide: â€Å"Congruence lies not in the details of the conversation, but in the totality of the counselling relationship.† 20. Why does Lars wear layers of clothing? Which propositions apply? The layers of clothing can be a sort of protection. Lars wears lots of clothing in order to avoid people touching him. Not all people are open toRead MoreCounselling Skills977 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluate and monitor self in using a counselling approach. People who experience troubles can receive help for their problems in both formal and informal ways. An informal helping relationship can be as simple as a chat with a friend while offering advice and support. The counselling approach differs considerably form formal counselling which this essay will discuss. An informal helping relationship may involve counselling skills such as displaying good eye contact and body language, listeningRead MoreWhat Is Counselling?1174 Words   |  5 PagesAnswer the question ‘What is counselling?’ by outlining what you understand to be the key elements that constitute the practice of counselling. This discussion will begin by considering two definitions of counselling, moving on to identify key elements of practice and what makes counselling different from other professions where counselling skills may be used. Finally the discussion will consider the role of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) which regulates theRead MoreCounselling Skills1206 Words   |  5 Pagesself-reflection of counselling skills The purpose of this essay is describing the counselling practices that I did in my class room. I n this reflective essay, I will describe the style of counselling that I used so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I need further improvement, my perception about the feedbacks from other students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this particular experience in detail, I can start to aware of the specific skills and technique which counsellorRead MoreCounselling Reflection1203 Words   |  5 Pagessession recording Chua Ci Jie Introduction to Counselling James Cook University, Singapore Reflection on counseling Reflection on counseling Counseling is interpreted as a therapeutic practice of utilizing dialogue to assist clients in better understand and coping with their individual problems or health issues (Counseling, 2003). The individuality of the counselor has been extensively regarded as a vital tool in the provision of productive counselling sessions (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester CollinsRead MoreCounselling Theories1817 Words   |  8 PagesASSIGNMENT 1: COUNSELLING THEORIES Question 1: Briefly describe the key concepts PSYCHOANAYLYTIC THERAPY This study explored the method of psychoanalytic therapy which was originated by Sigmund Freud as basically deterministic, in the Freudian’s view of human nature. In which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts, in order to free psychic energy for mature loveRead MoreCounselling in Nigeria6031 Words   |  25 PagesCOUNSELLING IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW BY C.N. UGWUEGBULAM, Ph.D., JP. ALVAN IKOKU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, OWERRI – IMO STATE, NIGERIA AND CUUU KADURUMBA (Ph.D.) COLLEGE OF FOOD PROCESSING AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA Man from pre-historic times have been having challenges and solving them. Nigerians in the traditional set-up before the advent of formalized guidance andRead MoreJoining in Counselling2475 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Counselling, in the profession, refers to the creation of relationships that are helpful and positive between a counselor and a client. Counselling is intended to aid in adjustment and growth. Usually a client come to counsellors when they do not how to change so that they can lead a better and satisfying life. There are many skills and concepts that makes a great counsellor but in this essay, I will go back to the most fundamental basic skill which is joining. As with all

Love Is a Mixtape Analysis - 2320 Words

Tone: reminiscing; Purpose: to share; Theme: invoke retrospect Setting This novel takes place primarily in the city of Charlottesville, Virginia, during the period of the 1980s to the 2000s. Renee and Rob both met there in a bar named the ‘Eastern Standard’ both at the age of twenty-three. He initially planned to keep his relationship to Charlottesville strictly one of host and guest. Both he and Renee didn’t really favor Charlottesville. Then life had another plan for Rob and it was to fall in love. The setting was also a crucial part in the story because it was a music thriving environment at the time and in Charlottesville. Also, it shows that it greatly influenced the connection that Renee and Rob made with each other. The setting†¦show more content†¦As this book pertains to his past, the choice of wording by the author shows the youth and free spirit of a twenty-year old that fell in love. For instance, â€Å"Have you ever been in a car with a southern girl blasting through South Carolina when Lynyrd Skynyrd’s â€Å"Call Me the Breeze† comes on the radio? Sunday afternoon, sun out, windows down, nowhere to hurry back to? I never had†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows the youthful spirit that Rob had when he was with Renee, for she truly did show him how to enjoy his youth and to have fun. However, as he reminisced through the pleasurable memories that Renee brought to him, using diction he was able to express to the reader the sadness her death bestowed upon him. We met on September 17, 1989. We got married on July 13, 1991. We were married for five years and ten months. Renà ©e died on May 11, 1997, very suddenly and unexpectedly, at home with me, of a pulmonary embolism. She was thirty-one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through syntax, he was able to show a change in mood from the serenity and peace that he felt with while being accompanied by Renee to her unexpected death in his arms. The short sentences in this excerpt from the book show that there was an abrupt interruption in his life and it caused a chang e in the way the author wrote. Nature took its course. Concrete Detail/Imagery Throughout this novel, Sheffield utilizes various word choices that appeal to the five sensoryShow MoreRelatedThe Popularity Of The College Dropout1377 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The College Dropout† has been a prominent source of inspiration, love, and happiness in my life since the days of those 5 hour car rides with the big bro. It was one of the few CD’s we had on our journey from Chicago to St. Louis, St. Louis to Chicago. There’s never been a piece of art that could make me feel the way that album has. This was of course until April 30th, 2013 when young Chano from 79th dropped his second mixtape. Chicago needs a damn hero. A locally renowned rapper perhaps, a roleRead MoreAn Ideological Exploration Of Macklemore s Racial Redemption As A Musical Genre And Cultural Movement964 Words   |  4 PagesNakayama and Krizek offer us a starting point for analysis when it comes to Whiteness, which is a place of unarticulation, which will be a central component of the ideological analysis. In the genre Of Hip Hop and Rap, Ben Haggerty AKA Macklemore, has emerged as a central figure of controversy and conversation surrounding both race and white privilege. Macklemore hails from Seattle, Washington and has released several albums, singles and mixtapes as an independent artist. Macklemore as an artistRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lecrae 1689 Words   |  7 Pagesnominated for the Dove Awards as well. He released an album titled â€Å"Rehab† in 2011 and it peaked the start of his career. It reached number 1 on I-Tunes, number 1 on the Hip-Hop charts, and number 1 on the Christian Hip-Hop charts. Lecrae released a mixtape entitled â€Å"Church Clothes† on Datpiff and was hosted by DJ Don Cannon and it was downloaded over 100,00 times in less than 48 hours. Then he released an album titled Gravity which he received the first â€Å"Best Gospel Album† Grammy for on February 10Read MoreAnalysis Of The Human Condition By Jon Bellion1643 Words   |  7 Pagesis as a person. Jon Bellion is an American singer, songwriter, producer and rapper born and raised in Long Island, New York. He was born on December 26, 1990 and is signed with both Capitol Records and Visionary Music Group. As a kid focused on his love for basketball, but in 11th grade,his music passion spurred after he began writing songs on his brothers keyboard. After high school, Bellion enrolled in the music program at Five Towns College which has produced many top artists such as Wycelf JeanRead MoreLove and Rob Essays1302 Words   |  6 Pages listen analysis, record, and download the songs. However, much thought still has to be given to song selection as you still have to interpret and dissect the meaning, hoping that the intended listener can also relate to the significance and meaning of the songs just as you had. We will never know if the Rumblefish mix tape was intended for Rob, but he certainly just went with the flow and tunes into the songs that she had picked out. And so my purpose is to write a rhetorical analysis of Rob’sRead MoreThe Yellow And A Cold Blue Color1767 Words   |  8 Pagesinitially, until the villain spots the glowing cross. We see the villain stunned by the pink glowing light of the cross. It sparks a light in his eye that is filled with darkness. The color pink universally signifies love, while black color is used in this video to symbolize evil. Love and evil don’t have a common ground. Thus, the villain drags the cross upside down and uses it to destroy every belongings of The Weeknd. This shows that he is the Antichrist. He then proceeds to destroy everything usingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Solace By Earl Sweatshirt1901 Words   |  8 PagesFor my rhetorical analysis, I will be looking at Solace by earl sweatshirt and the message he is giving in relation to mental health and how it affects a person physically and not just mentally. This message is very well in line with his general audience as many of them enjoy hearing about his mental health and knowing that someone they look up to has gone through the same thing or similar things that they have. Oftentimes, audiences of Earl, or audiences of Hip-Hop in general enjoy the often-unadulterated

Examine the causes of urban sprawl and assess the effectiveness of strategies to contain it Free Essays

Urban sprawl is one of the key planning issues today. It consists of low density settlement extending beyond the boundaries of built up areas. Also it involves high dependence on private automobiles and is often the result of poorly planned or unplanned development. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the causes of urban sprawl and assess the effectiveness of strategies to contain it or any similar topic only for you Order Now While urban sprawl is linked to population growth, it is also caused by falling household sizes, increased demand for low density living, lower land prices in peripheral areas and a desire to escape from cities because of crime and pollution. There are number of forms of urban sprawl that can take place, the three main patterns are low density sprawl, ribbon sprawl and leap frog development. Each type of sprawl is often caused by the same core problems, all of which resulting in consequential effects. There are numerous reasons as to why urban sprawl occurs, however a significant point when it became apparent was after World War 2. At this time people started moving from the cities to the countryside. Living in suburbia signified a better, healthier lifestyle. The land in the areas people were moving to was cheap and there was plenty of it, and government incentives and subsidies helped families realize their dream of a better life. As times have moved on the issues of urban sprawl have continued, caused by a variety of factors. To begin with the increasing demand for housing plays a large part in urban sprawl, with more people buying houses and living with fewer people, houses are in demand more than ever. This coupled with the quality of the inner city environment causes people to want to move out of the inner city into suburban areas, hence urban sprawl. A further cause for urban sprawl is the demand for low density housing, people have increasing wants for higher living standards and want to get as much as they can for their money, therefore this can be achieved more easily by moving out of the densely populated city centre’s to suburban areas where they can have more space and land. Additionally the demographic structure and household changes may impact upon urban sprawl. Changes in age structure, social structure of the population and household type and structure may all affect location preferences of households. Lastly, lifestyle and behaviour can have a significant effect on urban sprawl. Changes in lifestyle, for instance increases in leisure time and disposable incomes may lead to people to want to live in an environment to suit this type of lifestyle and often suburban areas can meet these needs. Although there are several causes that encourage urban sprawl there are a number of strategies that have been implemented in order to try and contain it. The solutions can be based on three main approaches. Firstly, designating areas where no development is allowed, secondly channeling urban growth to selected towns and cities and lastly increasing urban residential densities and attracting residents back to the city. One policy that can be implemented is urban growth boundaries or green belts. This aims to restrict the physical sprawl. This is illustrated by Portland Oregon in the USA where an urban growth boundary surrounds Portland and twenty three nearby small settlements. The green belt protects the attractive rural landscapes of the Willamette Valley and helps invigorate the inner city. Portland managed to accommodate a 0% growth in population by increasing the built up area by only 2 % between 1970 and 2000. However, while Portland has been successful in using this strategy so far, the city is begging to run out of land. Consequently, house prices are rising rapidly, 15. 6% between 193 and 1996 compared with 1. 8 % for the whole country. In order to find affordable housing people are being forced to move further away to the adjacent city of Vancouver. Another method which has been used in Minneapolis is revitalization of the city centre. This aims to attract people back to the city by providing good quality services and making them convenient and easy to use. In turn relieving pressures on suburban areas and thus decreasing urban sprawl. Switching transport investment from intercity highways to city transport schemes is another way in which urban sprawl can be minimized. By doing this cities can be made more attractive and manageable for people to access and use. The US government rejected plans for a highway near Salt Lake City in order to try and put more financial support into city transport schemes. New towns are another scheme implemented in a number of areas in order to tackle urban growth and manage urban sprawl. In Cairo to try and alleviate urban sprawl, protect scarce farmland and provide better living conditions for the residents of the cities overcrowded districts, the Egyptian government began planning a series of new settlements around Cairo in the 1970’s. Various settlements were developed, located in five growth corridors; while Cairo itself was surrounded by a ring road o prevent outward expansion. Although some of the settlements were successful at attracting businesses, they were less triumphant at gaining residents. The majority of workers continued to live in Cairo and commute to the New Towns. In this case the success was variable and proved ineffective as the towns diminished due to water shortages and poor public transport. Lastly, an alternative to urban sprawl is the greater use of land and buildings in existing built-up areas, this can take two forms, conversion of unused buildings into new homes or development on Brownfield land. Brownfield land consists of areas previously used for industry or commercial activity which are now derelict or unused. England has over 57000 ha of previously developed and unused land in cities. In Glasgow, for example, 12 % of land is classified as derelict. Although this appears to be a viable solution to urban sprawl there are problems that occur. Brownfield sites have many limitations for planes and developers and are often contaminated with industrial chemicals or waste from factories and power stations. An example of a Brownfield development is Barking Reach on the banks of the River Thames in inner London. In order to make this site suitable for development of houses, offices and schools, developers had to bury overhead power cables, remove ash from three power stations, and reclaim marshland by raising the ground level. Overall, although there are many causes that result in urban sprawl there appear to be many solutions available in order to contain or even solve the issue. However, the effectiveness of these solutions is variable. For instance although in the short-term Portland, Oregon has been effective it is now having to deal with a number of consequential issues which makes the long-term effectiveness of the project to be questionable. As for Cairo, it is evident that the initial plans and ideas were sufficient but the financial support and economic stability were not there in order to make the development successful. For urban sprawl to be effectively managed or even solved a combination of suitable strategies need to be planed, implemented and contained in order for it to be sustained and therefore a success. How to cite Examine the causes of urban sprawl and assess the effectiveness of strategies to contain it, Papers

The Sniper by Liam OFlaherty Summary free essay sample

We can see the theme of war is introduced to the story by each bad, disturbing of the human life after the war. We can see the author indicated the idea of cruelty, irrational, and futility of the war from the story, The Sniper. The cruelty of the war is hinted throughout the story by the action of the young sniper. The reason he joined the war might be, because of his youth and â€Å"the cold gleam of the fanatic on his eyes. † Since he is in his youth, he might have the alacrity and enthusiasm of the child who is filled with obsessive interest in the lust of war. Though he had been used to look at death, he later becomes bitter and disgusted looking at the people he has killed especially his brother forced by the cruelty of the war. In war, there are no boundaries for ages, gender, location, time of the day, and family ties. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sniper by Liam OFlaherty Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This young sniper would be a typical example for its cruelty. As he killing the man from the tank and the old woman, he only see things only in term of warfare, but unaware of his futile attempt to turn the tide of the war to the benefit of the Republican and of his killing innocent people. A numerous of women, children and the elderly are killed in this civil war. Not knowing that these innocent people could be one of the sniper’s families, which the sniper discovers his enemy is his brother. Seeing the lack of security of the old woman and his enemy falling, â€Å"the sniper becomes bitten by remorse. The sweat stood out on his forehead. He revolted from the sight of the shattered mass of his dead enemy. His teeth chattered, he began to gibber himself, cursing the war, cursing himself, cursing everybody. † We can see that now he has found the cruelty of the war, while he had a great interest in war before. Now, he feels disgusted when he looks the mass of his dead enemy and begins to abhor the war and himself. From Irish civil wars in the story, the irrational of the war is inferred. Whenever the war happened, the soldiers were reduces from human beings to mere objects. Each of the individual in war becomes the target to be shot by the weapons from the range. War becomes the futile attempt for young people who do not know who they will be killing in the battle. The important moral to be learned from war is that there is no winner in war. Thousands and millions of people are killed in civil war and bombs are dropped into enemy’s country, there will still be no winner from both sides. Irish civil war is a double-edged sword and a controversial dilemma. Not only the war does not bring the beneficial result for the Irish people, but also separates families and having a huge impact on society and humanity in general. Moreover, the civil war claims a large number of lives and splits in the military forces, which the soldier of the forces killed their friends, relative or even their family in the opposing forces. Basically, this civil war created the huge hatred and history of violence between the people in the same nation. The futile of the war can be seen from the young sniper and the consequences of Irish civil war itself. Since there is no winner in the war, the countries or forces on both sides will lose especially the life of their people, and followers. Looking at the story, the young sniper himself finds the truth terrible waste of war when he turns over the dead man he has killed is his brother. The story lefts us with untold possible reaction of the young sniper after finding out he has killed his own brother. This kind of action could lead into his insanity or even into his suicide. The futility of hatred and violence, which made a brother kill his brother. Here, we can see that killing his brother is similar to killing the innocent people like the old woman in the story who in the position where she has lack of security. The woman might seem as an enemy to the sniper, but she is simply a woman who wants her life back from war. From the sniper’s perspective, he might see this as nothing unfair in his mind in killing the old woman, because he is looking her as an informant in the time of the war. Because of the war, this young sniper has been worried about his own protection and his enemy, therefore, he decided the people he sees into either allies or enemies and he becomes blind to distinguish who the people might be that he is killing,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Now, we see the cruelty, irrational and futility of the war through the young sniper killing his brother and the conflicts of Irish civil war itself. In conclusion, the violence is useless and often self- consuming. For instance, the Irish civil war that was suppose to be beneficial for Irish people, opened up several rifts in the Irish society rendering Ireland weak and devastated. Worst of all, the people were completely famished and emaciated, later these people finally got killed and died in futility.

The Constitution Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Constitution Essay, Research Paper The Constitution and who it belongs To When Thomas Jefferson signed the Constitution, there was a large ground why he believed it would digest. Having written the Declaration of Independence based on John Locke # 8217 ; s thoughts, every bit good as playing a big function in the Congress and being President, Jefferson had good religion in the fundamental law # 8217 ; s construction, the beliefs it was based on, and the people that would assist to endorse it up. In composing the philosophy, the establishing male parents knew that it must stabilise the current disunity that had been blighting the state since the terminal of the War, but at the same clip non go out-of-date or excessively unrealistic. Therefore, one of the methods used to accomplish this was the poetic gap, the preamble. By saying what the fundamental law was intended to make, it can stay an of import portion of authorities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8220 ; In order to organize a more perfect brotherhood # 8221 ; reminds us to neer settle for less, to endeavor to be the best in the universe. # 8220 ; Establish justness # 8221 ; , that no one individual can be denied a just test, and to transport out justness to the furthest extent of the jurisprudence. # 8220 ; Insure domestic repose # 8221 ; , that the state will be at peace w/one another, unlike during the Articles of Federation. The list goes on. To farther insure it # 8217 ; s lastingness, the Bill of Rights was written. Besides known as the first 10 amendments, these are believed to be god given rights, that no one w/the exclusion of all-powerful God himself can deny a adult male. This manner, we can see the provinces will neer endure once more under a autocrat like Britain. Because of this, the citizens can hold faith in the authorities and the people who carry out the jurisprudence. But possibly the best trial of the Constitution has been the trials of clip itself. Unbiased, and neer fillet or decelerating down for anyone or any ground, the articles were tested when Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were impeached. When it was discovered Nixon had known about the Watergate interruption in, and was covering it up, finally coercing his surrender. When Robert Ford pardoned him. When the 11 southern provinces seceded and forced a acrimonious civil war of friend against friend, brother against brother. When bondage was eventually abolished. And non to advert 4 presidential blackwashs. The Fundamental law endures because of it # 8217 ; s construction. It # 8217 ; s ability to function the bulk of the state, but at the same clip non to tread the rights of the minority. It # 8217 ; s ability to be amended when needed, and stand strong when tested. It # 8217 ; s careful system of cheques and balances, doing certain that no 1 subdivision becomes to strong, and wields unstoppable power. The fact that each individual, including the president himself must reply for their actions. The careful seperation of powers. These, every bit good as the brave work forces and adult females who dedicate their lives to transport out and protect the Constitution. The work forces and adult females who serve in the military, ready to contend and give their lives to protect our state and right to believe in God. The countless brave immature work forces who have already died in the battleground, some neer cognizing what # 8217 ; s it like to graduate from college, to get married and raise a household, or to see their athleticss squad win a title. This is what makes America such a great state, a proud state, and why every bit long as clip endures, the fundamental law will digest. John Locke would be proud. The Constituition

Definition and Examples of Commoratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Commoratio in Rhetoric Definition Commoratio is a  rhetorical term for dwelling on a point by repeating it several times in different words. Also known as  synonymia and communio.In Shakespeares Use of the Arts of Language (1947),   Sister Miriam Joseph describes commoratio as a figure whereby one seeks to win an argument by continually coming back to ones strongest point, as Shylock does when he keeps insisting that Antonio pay the penalty and forfeit of the bond (The Merchant of Venice, 4.1.36-242). See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: EpimoneTautologyTwelve Types of Questions in Casablanca EtymologyFrom the Latin, dwelling Examples and Observations Hes passed on! This parrot is no more! He has ceased to be! Hes expired and gone to meet his maker! Hes a stiff! Bereft of life, he rests in peace! If you hadnt nailed him to the perch hed be pushing up the daisies! His metabolic processes are now history! Hes off the twig! Hes kicked the bucket, hes shuffled off his mortal coil, run down the curtain and joined the bleedin choir invisible! THIS IS AN EX-PARROT!!(John Cleese in The Dead Parrot Sketch, Monty Pythons Flying Circus)With bad grace, [Shahid] had eventually conceded that [Iqbal] had to go. And then, yesterday, most amazing thing of allhe had gone! Moved out! Vamoosed! Iqbal was out of there! Elvis had left the building! The fat lady had sung! Mandela had been freed! Shahid had has life back!(John Lanchester, Capital. W.W. Norton, 2012)He’s gone off his rocker! shouted one of the fathers, aghast, and the other parents joined in the chorus of frightened shouting.He’s crazy! they shouted.He’s balmy!He†™s nutty!He’s screwy!He’s batty!He’s dippy!He’s dotty!He’s daffy!He’s goofy!He’s beany!He’s buggy!He’s wacky!He’s loony!No, he is not! said Grandpa Joe.(Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory) Brave Sir Robin ran awayBravely ran away, awayWhen danger reared its ugly headHe bravely turned his tail and fledYes, Brave Sir Robin turned aboutUndoubtedly he chickened outBravely taking to his feet,He beat a very brave retreat . . ..(Monty Python and the Holy Grail)Space is big. You just wont believe how vastly, hugely, mind- bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think its a long way down the road to the chemists, but thats just peanuts to space.(Douglas Adams, The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy)At this moment of her diving, as she is suspended in mid-jackknife, nothing happens on the East End of Long Island. Not a single nail is nailed. Not a single hedge is trimmed. Not a single bottle of Chà ¢teau Whatanamazingwine is sold. Not one compliment is paid to a tomato or an ear of corn or a peach. No one asks where the potato fields have gone. Likewise the duck farms. No Filipino housekeeper is yelled at for failing to position the fruit forks correctly. No year-round resident is p ushed aside at a farmers market. No one asks anyone else to a small dinner just for close friends or wishes there were more time to spend reading quietly on the beach away from all the big parties. No one gives kudos. Or draws raves. No one embarks on an exciting new phase of his life, or enters a third act of his life, or comments that life is a journey. No one plans a benefit dance for a fatal disease. No one lowers his voice to say Jew.Nothing moves. Nothing makes a sound. The universe lies in respectful silence as sex and commerce find their and apogee in Kathy Polite and her morning swim. For one brief moment in this day for what certainly will be the only such moment, I am at peaceall bitterness relieved, all burdens lifted from me. The wind kicks up. I bless her unaware.(Roger Rosenblatt, Lapham Rising. HarperCollins, 2006) Commoratio occurs when one remains rather long upon, and often returns to the strongest topic on which the whole case rests. . . . I have been unable to subjoin a quite appropriate example of the figure, because the topic is not isolated from the whole cause like some limb, but like blood is spread throughout the whole body of the discourse.(Rhetorica Ad Herennium, c. 90 BC) Pronunciation: ko mo RAHT see oh

Primary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Primary - Research Paper Example I have strong knowledge of business analytics that I used when I worked on financial audits with the senior auditors of my firm. In particular, I contributed to the development of predictive business analytics that determined new growth opportunities for the company. It resulted to changes in how accountants determined the need for corrective actions and what these actions should be. During this time, I also solved a problem of the company regarding merging several data categories in order to improve data collection and reporting efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, I am particularly interested in working for JPMorgan Chase & Co. because you are a world leader in finding financial services solutions for diverse sectors. When I learned of the solutions you offered for filling up important healthcare and technology jobs in New York City, I became excited of how I can also contribute my business analytics knowledge and skills in conducting similar data studies and providing helpful recomm endation reports. I believe that I have strong analytical, quantitative and problem-solving skills that are essential to being a successful Finance Analyst intern. I am eager to meet with you or to have a phone interview to further discuss this valuable employment opportunity. I am interested in learning more about your consumer and commercial banking services and working with your senior managers to analyze results and offer financial and business insights. You can reach me by phone at 301-526-3669 and by e-mail at xchen114@terpmail.umd.edu, if you want me to provide further information. I will call your office next Monday to see if a mutually convenient time can be arranged. Thank you for your time and consideration of my

COMPARATIVE BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Essay

COMPARATIVE BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Essay Example Many companies across the globe have attempted to adapt their social responsiveness and the way they relate to varied social responsibilities (Windsor, 2006, p. 95). Macdonald is one of the companies that have made significant efforts of adopting business ethics and corporate social responsibility in order to achieve competitive advantage in the global competitive business environment. Although MacDonald Inch have attempted to change their leadership and operational styles through employing effective organisational strategies, the corporate has faced numerous challenges including criticism from the public and also faced legal issues for manufacturing unhealthy foods; thus a failure to conduct business in ethically and socially responsible manner. Company Overview MacDonald Corporation has undergone varied leadership and operational changes since its inception, in 1937. The company has a long standing history and it has built customer loyalty because of its continued dedication to cus tomer services as being reflected in their customer focused approach. The business is among the leading and high competitive global food industries with more than 34, 000 restaurants serving over 70 million customers globally. The company employs unique business strategies of manufacturing what their customers wants; thus their marketing and operation strategies such as being committed in key success areas including cost efficiency, product promotion and product development have enabled the company to sustain their business in the competitive business world. Despite being able to obtain a position as the leader in the competitive food industries, the company has recently faced numerous issues due to managerial failure; thus posing the company into threats of sustaining a competitive advantage in the market. The company is faced with the issues of staying competitive in the fast food industry and the way it can take competitive advantage for varied opportunities available for them; t hus posing threats to effective business performance. Project Aims/ Objectives The aim of the research projects is to critically analyse the significant of comparative business ethics and social responsibility in the MacDonald Company. The objectives of the research include; The project attempts to analyse the significant of conducting business in a socially responsible and an ethical manner in MacDonald Company. To offer detailed analysis of the company in an attempt of employing comparative business ethics and social responsibility as way of achieving business advantage in a competitive business world. To examine or identify problems that has impacted MacDonald Company especially the failure to conduct their business in an ethical and socially responsible manner. To provide effective recommendations vital for enabling the company to continue sustaining their business in the competitive business world. Problem Identification The case for corporate scandals for dealing with manageri al failure has attracted public interest on social responsibility of the corporation towards society. MacDonald Inch is one of the companies that have attracted the government and public interest because of varied scandals especially the issue of manufacturing unhealthy

Micrsoft Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Micrsoft Technologies - Essay Example In addition, these applications help in tracking invoices and paying or receiving bills, and performing duties of an office assistant such as offering reminder for important meeting, or time for acquiring new set of supply i.e. used as digital assistant interface. Mobile applications in business have a number of limitations. Firstly, these applications are small in size to be able operate within small memory and storage space available in the phone, and hence cannot handle large volumes of data. Secondly, mobile phones use Wi-Fi protocol to transmit data. Thus, most of the applications are susceptible to viruses. Lastly, some mobile phone applications for businesses are constantly evolving and very complicated to use, and therefore ordinary business may have find problematic to employ in their businesses. Microsoft Access, also called Ms Access, is database management application under the Microsoft office suit. It is a useful information management application that primarily stores data, allows analysis of the stored data and has mechanism for reporting information of the stored data. It is handier in managing large amounts of data that would otherwise be inefficient to handle with spreadsheets. In addition, MS acess allows an individual to store multiple related data together, create relations, allows automation of repeated processes through Macros, and eliminates unnecessary duplication of data which would otherwise jeopardize the accuracy of any analyzed data. Ms Access has inadequacies despite its ability to provide database solutions for small and medium business entities. It can only support databases, records and fields, of up to 2 GB and a maximum of 255 simultaneous database connections. For it to support larger quantities of data i.e. greater that 2GB and connections exceeding 255, the tables and applications should be

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil In Lucifer Effect Dr Zimbardo discusses his Stanford Prison Experiment conducted in 1971 in relevance to the prison abuses in Abu Ghraib in 2003. It is a shocking book presenting the transformation from an average good person into a bad brutal individual; the metamorphosis from Lucifer into Satan. At the same time Dr Zimbardo explains how this transformation is possible, how group dynamics and situational factors, maintained by the system influence human behaviour to create monsters even of normal good people. Moreover, Zimbardo discusses how to defend ourselves from becoming an evil. At the end he presents the victory of heroism and give a hope everyone is also able to do the most heroic acts. Body: What makes good people do bad things? This is a disturbing question which occupies our mind remembering the mass murders such as those of Cambodia, Darfur, Rwanda, Holocaust or May Lai. Would Holocaust occur again, Askenasy asks in his book Are we all Nazis? (in Blass, 1992). Milgram answers that if a system of death camps were set up in the United States of the sort we had seen in Nazi Germany, one would be able to find sufficient personnel for those camps in any medium-sized American town (CBS News, 1979, p. 7-8 cited in Blass, 1999, p. 956). Although most people would deny it claiming they could never be like them. (Blass, 2004, p. 35-36; Meyer, p. 71) surprisingly the examples from history and research studies have shown that everyone is capable of acting even in the most horrifying ways depending on the situational circumstances. People often underestimate the impact of the external factors because they cannot admit how easily they could be manipulated by situational forces, the concept known as fundamental attribution error (Jones Harris, 1967; Gilbert and Malone, 1995; Gilbert, 1998; Zimbardo, 1990). The studies on obedience (Baumrind, 1964; Burger, 2007; Burley McGuiness, 1977; Glasser, 1971; Halberstam, 1965; Kaufmann, 1967; Kilham Mann, 1974; Meeus Raaijmakers, 1987; Mantell, 1971; Milgram, 1963; 1965; 1974, p. 195; Ring, Wallston, Corey, 1970; Shanab Yahya, 1977, 1978; Sullivan, 1963; Taylor, 1970;), institutional aggression (Johnson, 1986; 1998), mass killings and genocides (Browing, 1993, Katz, 2004; Staub 1989; Waller, 2002) have indicated that violence is not determined by dispositional factors but it is a product of a situation. What social psychology has given to an understanding of human nature is the discovery that forces larger than ourselves determine our mental life and our actions chief among these forces is the power of the social situation (Banaji, 2001, p. 15). We dont have to look far to find an example of a blind authority follower. The Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann was an ordinary citizen who was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg Trial in 1961 while he was just doing his job (Arendt, 1963, p. 135), only following orders (Zimbardo 2007, p. 218). Hanna Arendt helps us to understand that the Holocaust was not executed by fanatics but by normal people who accepted the state rules and therefore perceived their actions as normal. (Waxman, 2009). Anyone can be seduced to act wrong (Zimbardo 2004, p. 25). The Eichmann was not an exception; the manpower of Nazis in Final Solution was supported even by average elderly German citizens (Browning, 1993, p.16). The question what makes people act in the destructive ways has been long answered blaming the defective genes, the bad seeds responsible for pathological behaviour (Haney, Banks, Zimbardo, 1973b; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 21, 24). Starting from the landmark study, Stanf ord Prison Experiment (SPE) (Haney et al.,1973; Zimbardo, 1989; Zimbardo, Maslach, Haney, 2000) Lucifer Effect challenges this notion and argues that people act in the inhumane ways because they get poisoned by external factors, by a moment of a situation (Lewin, 1951) which is often supported by the bad system giving permission for a pathological behavior (Zimbardo, 2007). Stanford Prison Study shows the power of institution to influence the individual. It describes the transformation of normal, average students into aggressive, sadistic guards or passive, helpless and emotionally devastated prisoners playing the roles in the mock prison created in the dungeon of Stanford University. The study predicted for two weeks had to be terminated just only in 6 days because of the emotional breakdown of 5 of the students (Zimbardo, 1971; Zimbardo et al., 2000; 2004, p. 40). Dr Zimbardo saw the SPE as the parallel to the controversial abuses in Abu Ghraib (AG), which shaken the morality of the world in 2004 (p. 324; A Human Rights Watch Report [HRW], 2004; 2005; Stannard, 2004; Kersten Sidky, 2005; Dorf 2010; Zimbardo). The unbelievable humiliations of Iraqi detainees by American soldiers, who abused them in a number of horrifying ways (p. 357; Schlesinger et al., 2004; Taguba, 2004; Fay, 2004, p. 4) was not a surprise for Dr Zimbardo who saw it in SPE where prisoners became numbers inducing their powerless and dependence, were dehumanized and involved in humiliating tasks (p. 219; Haney et al, 1973b; Zimbardo et al., 2009). President Bush described the AG events as the incidents of few bad apples (Landford, 2009; Associated Press, 2005; Childs, 2005; Fox News, 2004; HRW, 2004; 2005) who were punished in the names of justice (HRW, 2005). Zimbardo, an expert witness for one of the guards, argues that there were not rotten apples, which should have been f ound guilty but it was the fault of the bad barrel which corrupted everything inside it (Zimbardo, 2008). Like in SPE good people were put in a bad, psychologically unhealthy situation, which had a dramatic impact on their behaviour and produced deviant deeds. (Zimbardo et al., 2000, p. 17). The soldiers in Abu Ghraib were just US Military Police Army Reservists (p. 335; Schlesinger et al., p. 12; Taguba, 2004) without any preparation to run the prison (p. 346, 377; Hersh, 2004; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p. 16; Taguba, 2004), exactly like the students role- playing the guards in the prison-like stimulated environment or just like the elderly men who joined the crimes of the Nazis. When placed in a novel unfamiliar situation, their learnt reaction patterns stopped working and their morale disengaged (Zimbardo, 2008) leading to the immoral behaviour. Soldiers, in the middle of the interrogation center, experienced a lot of pressure from Central Intelligence Agency to break the enemy (p. 336-37, 349, 382; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p.8; CBS News , ). Labelling the Iraqi the enemy (Allen Priest, 2004; CNN, 2001; Landford, 2009), enouncing the war with terrorism (p. 377, 430; HRW, 2004; 2005; Miles, 2006),) and the recent change in country attitude toward torture after 9/11 maintained by worldwide media and American administration (Zimbardo, 2004, p.35) gave the guards the permission to dehumanize the prisoners (Strozier as cited in Schwartz, 2004;) and treating them like dogs (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 337, 414). The powerful systemic forces created a fear across the country Zimbardo 2004, p. 35) and induced systematic propaganda under the cover of national security exactly as described in the novel 1984 (George Orwell, 1981) or Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury, 2007), in which societys enslavement to conformity was generated. It was enough to justify the horrific behaviour and made even killing acceptable and rationalized (p. 430; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 28, 35; Stratman, 2004). Additionally, there was no discipline in the Abu Ghraib and the unit was understaffed (p.336; Danner, 2004, p. 17; Gray Zielinski, 2006; Schlesinger, 2004; Stannard, 2004; Taguba, 2004). The place was kept in a secret (HRW, 2005), constantly under attack (Fay, 2004; Schlesinger 2004, p.11) without sufficient control (p. 348; Fay 2004, ; Schlesinger, 2004, p. 13; HRW, 2004; 2005) and strong leadership (Fay, 2004. ; Schlesinger, 2004, p.16). The situation was far from normal. Additionally, no formal policies or procedures to follow (p. 347) and confusion regarding the Geneva Convention (HRW, 2004; 2005; Schlesinger, p. 6-7, 14, 29, 37-38) gave the guards permission to do unthinkable crimes and torture like the superintendent Zimbardo let the abuses happen in SPE. As Lt. Col. Thomas Kolditz argued when the power is given to people without oversight it is a pure formula for violence (Donn, 2004). Human Rights Watch Report agrees with Dr Zimbardo that not few individuals should have be en blamed for brutality on site but the extraordinary pressures of the system which contributed to the abuses (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 47; HRW, 2004; 2005), the architects of the policies were responsible for creating the situation where abuses became a part of normality (HRW, 2004; 2005). The normality of the soldiers was the crime for us watching it from distance. If the guards had understood the mechanism of powerful situational forces maybe they could have been able to resist acting immorally. One of the factors contributing to the immoral deeds is deindividuation (Deiner, 1980; Festinger, Pepitone, Newcomb, 1952; Zimbardo 1970)) which fosters anonymity and violence, shutting down rational thinking about the consequences (p. 219; Festinger et al., 1952; Zimbardo, 1969; 1970; 2004, p. 33). What is the most frightening is the fact that deindividuation can be achieved simply by changing external appearance (Golding, 1954, p. 58, 63; John Watson; Zimbardo, 2007, ch. 3, 10. Another factor is moral disengagement from negative actions by justifying the conduct, diffusing responsibility for own actions (Kelman Hamilton, 1989; Milgram, 1963, 1965, 1974, 1992), blaming the accountability on the role played (p. 218; Freedman, 1969; Haney, Zimbardo, 1973c), while blindly following authority (Bandura, Underwood, Fromson, 1975; Darley Latane, 1968), conforming to the group norms seeking acceptance (Moore, 1978, p. 36), discriminating those from different groups (Baumeister, 1997; Bernard, Ottenberg Redl, 1968; Johnson, 1986, 1998; Staub, 1989;; Tajfel, Flament, Billig, Bundy, 1971; Waller, 2002), ignoring the consequences of the action and blaming the victims for the outcome while dehumanizing them (Bandura, 1975; 1988; 1996; 1999; Bandura, Fromson, Underwood, 1975; Bandura et al. 1996; Bandura, Osofsky, Zimbardo, 1999; 2005; 1998, 2003, str 511; Darley Latane, 1968 ). An individual has to be perceived as inhuman in order to make an unethical conduct com fortable for the perpetrator (p. 402; Kelman, 1973; Leyens et al., 2003),. Dehumanization process includes putting people into the roles (Haney Zimbardo, 1973) e.g. giving them the same uniforms and assigning numbers. As discrepancy between the immoral actions and personal beliefs occurs cognitive dissonance is created (p. 219; Aronson , Carlsmith, 1968 ; Festinger, 1957). The bigger the discrepancy between ones values and actions the more motivated the individual is to attain harmony (Janis and King, 1954; King and Janis,1956; Culbertson, 1957; Zimbardo, 1965).What is more, when people cannot deny their actions they tend to rationalize them persuading themselves and others that they followed the rational guidelines when making the decision (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 220). Grossman argues further that with the proper conditioning and the proper circumstances, it appears that almost anyone can and will kill (Grossman , 1995, p.4). It supports the notion that systematisation in creating the enemy which threaten the safety of people play an important role in inducing antisocial behaviour (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 43-45). When a pathological behaviour is additionally supported by authorities such as state or an institution it opens the doors for serious abuses. As it is the responsibility of government is to establish and maintain ethical guidelines across a state, country or world Lucifer Effect offers an advice for the authorities to prevent situations which set up conditions for individuals to behave immorally. Zimbardo emphasises that understanding the socio-psychological process of situational transformation is not an excuse for individual to commit crimes. It is just an explanation how people can be corrupted to do inhumane deeds and indeed it should be wisely used to resist the evil. (Wang and Zimbardo, 2006-2008). Dr Zimbardo also gives a hope that as much as people are capable of wrongdoing the creative mastermind of human beings can also generate terrific actions (p. 444, Zimbardo, 1996, p. 621, str. 504, Zimbardo, 2008). Eventually, Lucifer Effect teaches how to be a hero in waiting (see p. 330-331, 457-458, 471, 474-475, Lankford, 2009; Zimbardo et al., 1999; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 40, Zimbardo, 2008 Conclusion: The Lucifer Effect presents how good people turn evil. It involves understanding what powerful dynamic factors come into play during the human character metamorphosis within different circumstances. Lucifer Effect explains that personality variables contribute just a bit to produce certain behaviour, alleviating or escalating the impact of the situational forces, which are lying at the base of the psycho-sociological interactions (Banaji, 2001, p. 15; Mischel, 1968; Mischel, Shoda, Rodriguez, 1989; Mischel, Shoda, Wright, 1993; Mischel Shoda, 1995; Mischel, 2004; Staub, 1898, p. 126, 127). The argument in the book is indeed a convincing demonstration that evil deeds are attributable to the power of the bad situation (Zimbardo, 1989; Asch, 1952; Sherif, 1966; Tajfel, 1978) which is often maintained by the bad system (Zimbardo, 2008). Nevertheless, Dr Zimbardo also emphasises that understanding evil is not excusing it and everyone should be responsible for their own actions because t he individual can learn how to resist immoral actions (Zimbardo, 2008). The account Dr Zimbardo takes agrees with Hanna Arendts (1977) statement that unless people are insane they have ability to tell right from wrong then we must be able to demand its exercise from every sane person, no matter how erudite or ignorant, intelligent or stupid, he may happen to be ( p. 13).

Classical Economists :: essays research papers

As a coherent economic theory, classical economics start with Smith, continues with the British Economists Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo. Although differences of opinion were numerous among the classical economists in the time span between Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) and Ricardo’s Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817), they all mainly agreed on major principles. All believed in private property, free markets, and, in Smith’s words, â€Å" The individual pursuit of private gain to increase the public good.† They shared Smith’s strong suspicion of government and his enthusiastic confidence in the power of self-interest represented by his famous â€Å"invisible hand,† which reconciled public benefit with personal quest of private gain. From Ricardo, classicists derived the notion of diminishing returns, which held that as more labor and capital were applied to land yields after a certain and not very advanced stage in the progress of agriculture steadily diminished. The central thesis of The Wealth of Nations is that capital is best employed for the production and distribution of wealth under conditions of governmental noninterference, or laissez-faire, and free trade. In Smith’s view, the production and exchange of goods can be stimulated, and a consequent rise in the general standard of living attained, only through the efficient operations of private industrial and commercial entrepreneurs acting with a minimum of regulation and control by the governments. To explain this concept of government maintaining laissez-faire attitude toward the commercial endeavors, Smith proclaimed the principle of the â€Å"invisible hand†: Every individual in pursuing his or her own good is led, as if by an invisible hand, to achieve the best good for all. Therefore any interference with free competition by government is almost certain to be injurious. Although this view has undergone considerable modification by economists in the light of historical developments since Smith’s time, many sections of The Wealth of Nations notably those relating to the sources of income and the nature of capital, have continued to form the basis of theoretical study of the field of political economy. The Wealth of Nations has also served as a guide to the formulation of governmental economic policies. Malthus, on the other hand, in his book An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) imparted a tone of dreariness. Malthus’s main contribution to economics was his theory that a population tends to increase faster than the supply of food available for its needs.

How Would You Advise Your Management Staff to Successfully?

ow How would you advise your management staff to successfully manage this large scale change of the organization? I would enlighten them that managing organizational change can be for the better or worst sometimes. Many organizations create a partnership to build a centralize complex to recognize the organization differences. When change is implemented a formal strategy need to be put in place, This will allow the organization to identify the impact of forthcoming changes and make organizational or functional changes to ensure service levels are not reduced.Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, consultation with, and involvement of, the people affected by the changes. If you force change on people normally problems arise. Change must be realistic, achievable and measurable. When first starting to prepare for this change Senior MGMT thought-out; what do we want to achieve with this change, why, and how will we know that the change h as been achieved? Who is affected by this change, and how will they react to it? How much of this change can we achieve ourselves, and what parts of the change do we need help with?These aspects also relate strongly to the management of personal as well as organizational change. I think that it’s important for my staff to know the benefits of partnering with the other organization, with there funds and our resources we can build a stronger organization, which can aid, finance, and help our growing organization in a given industry that will grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. Senior MGMT of both organizations has discussed best practices and the issues that are the perceived potential benefits behind the merger openly and frankly. EX. ) If organization A's strength is sales and they are absorbing organization B in part because of B's distribution capabilities, make sure A's distribution people know to listen to B's distribution people and B's sales f orce understands the opportunity to learn from A’s. My plans are to express to them that the changes will be better for the organization and make us more successful. So I will focus on trying to sell the benefits of the changes and then get staff to participate so they feel as if they are a part of the changes.When people contribute to changes that affect them they are more adapted to accept them. I would express that we have the full support of senior management so things will move rapidly. I plan to emphasize a team-oriented approach in providing the right mix of strategic guidance, hands-on leadership and deep industry domain expertise in helping the individuals and their teams to become market-leading organizations. 1. What are the organizational crisis issues that need to be addressed? One of the problems mention is that the staff in the different areas is using stove piped systems.That makes it harder for an organization to be efficient which is why the new partner is s uggesting creating the new system. To eliminate the concerns of staff that the new partner doesn't understand their business, they should be made part of the team that works on the requirements for the new system. That way they can make sure it will support the way we do business and meet their needs at the same time. Each function is important to the success of a merger. Consider the way a merger will affect the other organization and then use those lessons to minimize the same effects of our organization.Another problem is that employees are worried about whether there jobs are changing and weather they will have the skills need to work on the new system. If employees are fully involved with the new implementation then have the skills to work with the new systems will be a given, when the organizations partner training and workshops we be apart of the reconciling. Recognize the pros and cons of the organizations becoming partner: Pros: ? More resource for future growth ? Take adva ntage of economic of scale Cons: ? Might loss competitive advantages Might bear the risk of not successfully integrate A rational decision making model provides a structured and sequenced approach to decision making. Using such an approach can help to ensure discipline and consistency is built into your decision making process. The fact that the Bill Gates foundation wants to change the culture of the organization because of the $20 Million dollar donation can cause a lot of conflict and have the employees who have created and build the old organization think that what was built is not effective enough to keep the organizationB functioning.If senior management takes to long to make timely decisions then the organization can’t really move forward and manufacture like a top organization. When the problems are identified use the employees to create a new way of functioning, identify the most probable causes for the current system and improbable causes and use those results to wo rk with the other organization to build your new effective system. Some potential problems that organization should be aware of when they must make decisions during a crisis is Cultural disconnect, Culture change management is not indulgent; it is a critical aspect of any transaction.However, simply acknowledging the issue or handing it off to specialists is not enough. Management must set a vision, align leadership around it, and hold substantive events to give employees a chance to participate. Detailed actions and well articulated expectations of behavior connect the culture plan to the organizations goals. Also, keeping information too close is a natural hesitancy that the organization should avoid; I know that current regulations put pressure on what management can tell the organization without going to public disclosure.However, absent real facts, the rumor mill will fill the void. Tell employees what you can. Also, tell them what you can't tell them at the moment, why, and wh en you will be able to do so. What are some steps that the organization can take to avoid those problems or to minimize their negative impact? ? Choose the right conversion team; the organization will need employees who demonstrate excellent people skills and the ability to â€Å"finesse† any situation to the benefit of the organization.Make sure the transition team is appropriate for the area or department they talk to and can easily relate to people in various departments. ? Be in constant, honest communication with employees; All employees want accurate information from management, and they want to know the truth, even if it’s difficult. No matter what the news is, good or bad, your employees want to hear it, so always be totally open and honest about what is to come.If your employees feel out of the loop, they’ll assume the worst, and you can expect a negative effect on efficiency. Both partnering entities need to be consistently communicators with employees and ensure that whatever they’re communicating is 100% accurate. ? Give assurance about change; Help your employees to deal with change, even if that change seems minor to you it might be big to them . People fear change so Executives need to do everything they can to help minimize the anxiety that people naturally have.

Creative Ideas for Extracurricular Activities

Creative Ideas for Extracurricular Activities Rubiks Cube may not seem to have much to do with college admissions, but anything an applicant is passionate about can be transformed into a winning piece of a college application. This article explores how Rubiks Cube and other quirky interests can become meaningful extracurricular activities. Avoiding Burn-Out in High School A high school student wrote in the college admissions forum that he was worried about his burn-out and his lack of extracurricular activities. He also mentioned his passion for Rubiks Cube. This combination of passion and burn-out gets to the heart of a good college application strategy. Far too many students join clubs, compete in sports, and play instruments because they feel these activities are essential for getting into college, not because they actually have any passion for these extracurriculars. When you spend a lot of time doing something you dont love, you will burn out. What Can Count as an Extracurricular Activity? College applicants should think broadly about what can be defined as an extracurricular activity (see What Counts as an Extracurricular Activity?). Not everyone can be or wants to be class president, drum major, or the lead in the school play. And the truth is, unusual extracurricular activities are going to make your application stand out more than membership in Chess Club and Debate Team (mind you, Chess Club and Debate Team are both fine extracurriculars). So, getting back to the Rubiks Cube can ones love of the Cube be classified as an extracurricular? If handled correctly, yes. No college will be impressed by the applicant who spends four hours a day sitting alone in a room playing with a puzzle, but consider something like this example: if youre really into cubing and decided to make a cube club at your school, finding others who were interested and creating the club, it could look good on an application because it shows that youre taking charge and starting something that will be beneficial for others. Heres a Rubiks Cube lover who turned that passion into a school club. The applicant demonstrates leadership and organization skills by taking the initiative to transform his passion into something more than a solitary hobby. And note that leadership is key when it comes to the best extracurricular activities. An impressive extracurricular isnt defined by the activity itself, but by what the student accomplishes with the activity. The student could take this club one step further to accomplish the dual goals of getting into college and helping others how about using the club to fundraise for a charity? Create a Rubiks Cube competition; collect donations; get sponsors use the club to raise money and awareness for a worthy cause. The main point here isnt just about Rubiks Cube, but about extracurriculars. The best college applicants remain true to their interests and passions. Think broadly and creatively about extracurriculars to figure out how to transform your passions into something meaningful that will be a pleasure for you, a benefit to others, and an impressive part on your college application.

Make good writing second nature - Emphasis

Make good writing second nature Make good writing second nature A question for the drivers: how much of the drive to work this morning do you remember? The answer, probably, is not much, because youre so used to the process that you no longer need to consciously think about it. Its the same for learning any new skill, including writing. With sustained effort and attention, the skill becomes second nature. This is why we recommend to clients that they follow up their training day with a Coaching clinic, to reinforce the progress made on the course and follow up on any continuing concerns. There are four stages to learning a new skill, according to a model developed by Gordon Training International, and you have to go through each to reach the point where you can perform the skill well, seemingly without thinking. 1. Unconscious incompetence You dont know what you dont know 2. Conscious incompetence You know what you dont know 3. Conscious competence You know how to do it, but you have to think about it 4. Unconscious competence Youre practised enough to do it automatically. Mistakes are common at the conscious competence stage, even though you know by then what you need to do and how to do it. This is why we offer one-to-one follow-up coaching on all our courses. Before training, we gather writing samples from each participant and analyse them in detail, producing a graph that identifies and quantifies your individual problem areas. We go through this process again after the initial course to see where you have improved and what you still need to work on, so that in the follow-up coaching the trainer can work with you to iron out lingering errors. If you or your staff have been trained by us and would like to arrange follow-up coaching, or you would like to talk about arranging both, email us or call us on +44 (0)1273 732 888.

Lonmin Plc company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lonmin Plc company analysis - Essay Example It is this affiliate formed to handle the mining business that eventually became renamed as Lonmin Plc in 1999 (4-traders, 2014:n.p.). The company operates in three major segments of the mining industry, where it has an exploration department, an evaluation department and a PMG operations department. Despite the fact that the company runs its operations in different countries in the Weste African region, most of the operations of the company, which entail the refinement and marketing of the metals after being mined in different regions is undertaken in the Bushveld facility in south Africa (Lonmin Plc, 2014:n.p.). The company is listed in three different stock markets, where its shares are trade in Germany, USA and in the UK. The market capitalization of the company as at 2014 was worth US$ 146.7 billion, which is equivalent to 95 billion British pounds (Guru Focus LLC, 2014:n.p.). The company has total 583.8 million outstanding shares, whose prices in the stock market ranges at betw een 160.70 and 163.64 British pounds (Guru Focus LLC, 2014:n.p). The company held a total of 38,2923 employees by the close of the financial year 2014, with 28,276 of the employees being employed full time, while 10,016 operated as part time employees. The company holds a considerable value of assets, both in its operating assets such as the machineries and equipment, as well as the stock of minerals in the various mines that the company has explored. While some of these minerals are already extracted and their value well verified, there is still some more whose value is still to be ascertained. The graph below presents the assets of the company that are held in minerals. In the year 2014, Lonmin Plc made a total sale of 441,684 ounces of Platinum, at a market price value of $1,537 per ounce, which contributed to a higher percentage of the company’s

Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example As the patient fell from the bed and broke his arm, the nurse and hospital were liable for damages. This paper aims to identify nursing policies that were not followed so as to prevent such a scenario from occurring. Firstly, nursing leadership and managerial qualities in regards to the present situation shall be outlined. Secondly, issues of nursing accountability shall be detailed. Next, the concept of team-work as pertains to the scenario shall be highlighted. Following, the topics of clinical governance, as well as teaching and facilitating of nurses in general, shall be outlined as relevant to the present scenario. Some of the areas that leadership and management incorporate are finances, business focus, information management, and marketing (Baker, 2000a; Kelly-Hayes, 2003). When a patient falls from a bed because procedures have not been followed, it is clear that nursing leadership and management training is lacking. In the current scenario, additional costs were created within the hospital to care for the patient, in regards to the broken limb, as well as consultation with attorney's to establish their legal obligations, and in administration costs to report the incident, and to process ongoing documentation relevant to the complaint made by the family. From the point of view of nursing being a business, the scenario i... The information management that was lacking was that the nurse did not have available protocols to compare her patient care to. In regards to marketing, the hospital as well as the nurse has provisioned the patient and family with an image of being incompetent and neglectful in their care for the patient.Recent studies point to a distinct lack of leadership qualities amongst nurses in general, and attribute this to a lack of training in the area (Laukkanen, 2005). Unfortunately, this is a waste of resources as nurses are in key position to influence hospital care policies, as well as state and national legislation (Sullivan, 2001). It is contended that student nurses need to be encouraged to develop their leadership and managerial skills, as well as their clinical skills (Baker, 200b). For example, a more salient awareness of cost-containment issues could have motivated the hospital to have set protocols for the bed-care of elderly patients (Antrobus, 1999). Additionally, the use of job re-design amongst the nursing staff could have provided the hospital with a critical evaluation of the sequential tasks of each job a nurse undertakes, and provided solutions for combining tasks to improve patient care (e.g., saying goodnight/see you later to a patient also includes the action of the hands checking the bed-rail is up) (Sullivan, 2001).Quality management important to nursing as it allows for an evaluation of the outcomes of practices. In turn, this style of management provides for a preventative approach to nursing that identifies potential problems quickly, and facilitates research into viable alternative solutions (Belcher, 2000; Hendel & Steinmann, 2002). As such,

Politics in East London Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Politics in East London - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the current political system and main challenges encountered by Hackney, Croydon, Tower Hamlets, and Lewisham. Response of the boroughs to the Alternative Vote (AV) The residents of Hackney responded differently to the Alternative Vote (AV) than the common response of the residents of the rest of the three boroughs of East London. While the residents of Lewisham, Croydon, and Tower Hamlets voted against the AV, only Hackney supported the Westminster Electoral system’s reform in the referendum of 2011. According to the statistics noted by Brown (2011), in the electorate’s 34.23 per cent turnout, electoral reforms endorsement in Hackney happened with a majority of 10,905. 39.32 per cent of the people voted against whereas 60.68 per cent of them voted in favor. A turnout of 35.9 per cent was observed in Croydon and most of the residents i.e. 67.01 per cent voted against whereas only 32.99 per cent voted in favor. The response from the residents of Lewi sham was much similar to that of Croydon as 50.65 per cent of the residents of Lewisham voted against any alteration in the First Past the Post system. In Tower Hamlets, 54.17 per cent of the residents voted against and the rest voted in favor of choosing a new way to elect Webminster’s MPs. According to the opinion polls, the No Campaign had received a victory across the country. This served as a blow to the Liberal Democrats who had been heavily defeated in the local elections and others who wanted a preferential system of voting. Comparison of severity of main issues in the boroughs London Poverty Profile (2010) drew a comparison between the level of severity in the issues of low income and benefits, low pay, low education attainment, ill health, and inadequate housing among London’s boroughs. According to London’s Poverty Profile (2010), of the four boroughs in the East London, two with the comparatively greatest problems of â€Å"low income and benefitsâ⠂¬  include Hackney and Tower Hamlets, Lewisham has comparatively lesser issues of low income and benefits whereas these issues are the least in Croydon. The issue of â€Å"low pay† is the most severe in Hackney, its severity is almost the same in Croydon and Lewisham, whereas low pay as the issue is the least severe in Tower Hamlets. The issue of â€Å"low education attainment† is the most severe in Hackney, its level of severity is lesser in Lewisham, whereas its level of severity in Croydon and Tower Hamlets is the lowest. The severity of the issue â€Å"ill health† is maximal in Hackney, lesser and almost the same in Lewisham and Tower Hamelts, and is the least in Croydon. The issue of â€Å"inadequate housing† is the most severe in Tower Hamlets, its level of severity is lesser in Hackney, it is even lesser in Lewisham, whereas the level of severity is the lowest in Croydon. Government-imposed cuts in public spending and its effects in the boroughs The Coalition Government in the UK is attempting to reduce the deficit in budget by bringing immediate and deep cuts in the public spending. The government claims of implementing progressive and fair cuts and of protecting the most vulnerable. Nevertheless, it is hard to make such reductions in public spending without having any negative implications for the most vulnerable communities. Hackney is the second most deprived borough in the UK after Brent and is likely to experience loss of money by as many as 6790 poor households as a result of the

Definition of Literature Essay Example for Free

Definition of Literature Essay Literature is an outlet of escape from reality. At the end of the day, I open a book and allow the story to take me to a world where my own fades into a distant memory. With every turn of a page, my imagination is free to reinvent a narrative that is better than the reality I live. Literature can be non-fiction and based on facts surrounding real events, people, and places. Examples include history books, memoirs, biographies, newspapers, self-help, devotionals, and textbooks. Literature can also be writings based not on truth, but on the imagination and creativity of the author. This includes fiction novels and children story books. A lot of times authors of fiction will get their idea from a real life event and then they allow their imagination to recreate the characters and plot. Aside from being fiction or non-fiction, literature can also fall into different categories according to the genre, purpose, and style. Some genres include romance, science fiction, Christian, suspense, and western. The authors purpose for writing will likely determine what style and genre they will use. Poetry and drama are forms of literature that are stylistically different from other writings. Every writer wants to engage their audience and capture their attention in order to convey a message. The meaning of the text may hold differing messages within the audience, but it is the goal of the author to captivate the reader and keep them wanting to read more. John Smith wrote historical accounts of life while he was living. His writings brought insight and hope regarding English settlement during the early 1600s. The General History of Virginia is difficult to comprehend in areas because I am unfamiliar with his use and style of language, but nonetheless it is a beautifully written piece of literature. John Smith’s targeted audience was most likely the people of his time, with the goal of informing them of recent events. I appreciate the way he portrays the struggles of daily life realistically and in a way that inspires and intrigues. William Bradford was not formally educauted, yet he was a wise and well-read man. His writings spread throughout the world and have been studied and quoted by many. As with most of the literature from his time period, Bradford’s style is simple, but he writes with such conviction that demands the attention and respect of the reader. Bradford was a man of faith and often expressed this in his writing. In Of Plymouth Plantation he often refers to God’s providence and makes continuous references to God. Bradford may refer to God more than any other author in this colonial unit. Anne Bradstreet was a powerful force in literature during the 1960s because she was one of the first recognized women poets. Centuries later she is a revered writer and her poetry remains enchanting. â€Å"Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the opening line to her poem The Author of Her Book and illustrates just how feeble her brain is not. She has the unique capacity to use words to express herself so creatively and with so much emotion. To My Dear and Loving Husband is a great romantic poem that I admire. Bradstreet’s style reminds me slightly of my own. However I need more experience and practice to become nearly as talented as she. Upon the Burning of Our House reminds of my own experience of a house fire and has inspired me to attempt to capture my experience through poetry. Through all Anne Bradstreet’s work, she inspires others to recognize the beauty and power in writing. Edward Taylor was a highly educated, well respected, and devout religious man who used poetry as a private expression of his faith. He did not seek fame or recognition for his writing, rather just the pleasure it brought him. Taylor writes of God beautifully and is a master of creating moving and emotional works of art without intending to. As with most poets, Taylor and Bradstreet used metaphors and had a personal style unique from others. There is also an overflowing of emotion from both Taylor and Bradstreet within all their writings. William Byrd was a very accomplished man of his time. He was well educated, respected, and prosperous. His most famous writings are the journals that he wrote to describe day to day life. In The History of the Dividing Line I was able to pick up on the humor that has lead Byrd to be one of the first distinct comedic writers. The humor is not â€Å"pee your pants funny† rather it is more light-hearted humor that makes the reader smile. It is evident in his writing that Byrd was indeed well-read. A writer is capable of learning a great deal about language, word usage, and style through reading. Byrd’s style is simple, yet he articulates his message very well and although he wrote for himself, he managed to write in a way that would capture an audience’s attention. Jonathan Edwards was an intelligent man of God who served as a preacher. As an author, he wrote popular sermons and other serious works on religion, metaphysics, and philosophy. Edwards’ style of writing is quite different from other authors in this unit because unlike the others he gives the reader an array of possible positions for the topic he is presenting. In the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards develops his view on destruction and punishment from verses in Deuteronomy. Not only does he explain how he interprets the scripture, he also gives other possible views. St. Jean De Crevecoeur wrote about religion but he did not profess or maintain that he believed in God. He was a well-educated humanitarian who served his people and country. I found Letters from an American Farmer difficult to get through because his style of writing is unexciting. I was also turned off by the way he wrote about certain topics particularly African American issues. Crevecoeur was not a racist man, but he lacked some sensitivity in discussing his unique view on negroes and parenting. He believed that negroes should not continue having children because if they did misery would undeniably result for themselves and their offspring. I understand that he is referring to slaves and perhaps even slaves may have wished to not have children in order to save future generations from being forced into slavery. Crevecoeur surprised me with the boldness in his writing. The progression of writing from Smith to Crevecoeur is interesting to track and there are noticeable changes in language and word usage. As defined earlier, literature to me is written art that engages my imagination and takes my mind away from reality. Not every piece of literature will bring me the pleasure of leaving my own world for a moment and that does not mean the author has failed. Genre plays an important role in this element of the definition. For example the writings from the colonies unit are primarily non-fiction history writings that are meant to inform more than entertain. Anne Bradstreet is an exception. As the writer of poetry, her style is most obviously different from the more serious and constructed essays of the other writers. Every writer has a style that is unique, however one similarity in the colonial writings is the purpose of the author’s writing. Many of the writers were writing for the sake of recording daily life and making historical accounts of slavery, war, and developing colony life. Centuries later, authors such as Smith, Bradford, Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, and Crevecoeur are recognized as masters in the field of writing. Writers during the establishment of the colonies wrote simple, yet serious and powerful pieces of art. They have a style of writing and voice that still captures the hearts of readers.

Organization is social arrangement for controlled performance of collective goals

Organization is social arrangement for controlled performance of collective goals Organizational structure: Consists of activities such as task coordination, allocation and supervision, which are directed towards the employees, get the organizational aims. It can be considered as the glass or outlook through which individuals see their organization and its environment. Some organizations have hierarchal structures. Work Specialization: A manager gives the task to his employees and makes the subgroups or division of labor, employees will perform better task according to their work experience and skill. For example Honda Car Company makes the subgroups; they will divide their employees into many categories. 1st worker to design the car 2nd worker to paint the car 3rd worker to put the front and back wheel of the car another person to install the engine of the car and so on. Advantage In work specialization workers get expert to his work and there will be rare chances of mistake. Disadvantage By doing the repeated work again and again employees feel bored what they do. Departmentalization In departmentalization jobs are divided into many levels. There are many types of departmentalization which are given below: 1. Functional departmentalization In this type of departmentalization group of people combine together. They perform common task that use common technology, and material. For example HR, Finance, etc. Advantages In functional departmentalization one function is adopted by one department. Disadvantages There is poor management in functional departmentalization. Communication problem will arise in functional departmentalization. 2. Product departmentalization This is a type of departmentalization in which products are divided according to the type of product. For example Nestle company. Advantages: Work experience will be more improved; many salesmen sell the product again and there work skill is improved in product departmentalization. In this product department management of other functional activities is passing to manager. Disadvantages: In product departmentalization administration cost will arise. Another disadvantage of this departmentalization is that it cut of the department from the other parts of the process. This department may be became very extremely distributed with its individual task in its place performing arts in habits that will profit in generally production process and firms. 3. GEOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENTALIZATION In this departmentalization grouping actions are performed on the basis of field. E.g. Coca Cola Company has focused the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s procedure in twice large Geographic areas-the northern American sector and the international sector, which can be embraced the Pacific Rim, the European community, northeast Europe, Africa and Latin American groups. Advantages: It has an advantage to get quick response of different markets. According to geographic costs are kept low. If there is geographical departmentalization then employees know the culture and languages of existing place through which they can deal their customers easily. Disadvantages It has a disadvantage duplication problems will be create in firm cases. Another disadvantage it has complex to manage across department. 4. Process departmentalization: In this type of departmentalization only one specific work is given to each unit. 5. Customer departmentalization: Departmentalization in which task and jobs are performed according to the needs and wants of customers. E.g. A cross functional team consisting of managers from accounting, finance, and marketing is created to prepare a technology plan. Chain of command: Order in which power and authority in an organization is wielded and pass on top management to every employee at every level of the organization information flow downward along the chain of command and accountability flows upward. E.g. military is an example of straight chain of command which extend in unbroken line from the top self confidence to in ranks. This is also called line of command. Span of control: The span of control is a word to make in organization theory, but now used more normally in business management, particularly human resource management span of control to refer the number of subordinates supervisor has. There are two way of span of control Tall and narrow Flat and wide Tall and narrow: This type of organization size of structure is tall and narrow. In tall organization there is large number of hierarchy level. This implies a narrow span of control. Advantages: In tall organization employees can easily solve the problems because there is less burden of work. Disadvantages: In tall organization communication problems will be arising, as decisions take time to à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“filter downà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. In tall organization same task passes through too many levels. There may arise conflict with each others due to large level of hierarchy. Flat and wide: This type of organization size of structure is flat and wide. In flat organization there is Small number of hierarchy levels. This implies a wide span of control. Advantages: More chances for delegation in flat organization. In flat organization Small number of steps on promotional ladders. Disadvantages: In flat organization Manager may have more than one of the numbers of employees. Growth of organization may be limit or hinder in flat organization. Centralization: Centralization the degree to which authority for making most decision at the top level of the organization. Top level manager take the decision there will no interference of lower level of the organization in centralization. Procedures, policies and records can be standardized transition-wide in centralization. Decentralization: The degree to which authority for making decision of all hierarchy levels of the organization. Matrix structure: The type of structure in which an organization hold team of people make the various section of business. When team makes the specific project for any purposes they are guided by a project manager. Often the team will only exist for the time of project and structures are usually deployed to create a new products and services. Advantages: Authorities and responsibilities can be shared among each others. There is less conflicts among each others. Disadvantages: If the project manager creates a project teams a lot of costs can be increased. Matrix structure is not suitable for small organization. Organizational culture: It is an idea in the field of management and organizational studies which can be describes the experience, attitudes, beliefs, psychology and value (cultural values and personal) of an organization. The values and norms that are shared by groups and peoples in an organization they control the path of which they can relate with each others and with stakeholders exterior of organization. There are four types of cultures which can be below. Power culture Role culture Person culture Task culture Power culture: Power culture is a culture in which one organization has more authority over another organization. .e.g. state bank has more authority over all the banks of Pakistan. If state bank of Pakistan takes changes in their laws or regulations then the banks all over Pakistan will follow the state bank of Pakistan. Role culture: Role culture is a culture in which each company divide themselves into many functions and after that they give every employee a specific role. Every employee got specialized in that role which increases organization productivity. Person culture: Person culture is a culture which emphasize on aim of organization. The target of the organization is to complete their aim. These cultures are found in those organizations which are not profit oriented. Task culture: Task culture is a culture which is submitted to a team to perform a specific task. The task is performed according to a due date. Task culture has some benefits because an employee feels inspired because he/she is selected in team to perform a task. Affect of organizational culture The affect of organizational culture depends upon the organization. If an organizational culture will be strong then it will make every employee to work hard or to become more efficient. It includes workers, staff, CEO Etc. some people get bored while doing their job which can affect the organization. By having strong culture it creates the enjoyment in job which leads to do more effort. Organization culture helps the employee to keep them on top; if the workers are satisfied according to the culture of organization then they wonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t leave the job, which leads to stay in their own organization. A strong organizational culture attracts more talented people towards itself. So if the organization culture will be strong then it will create positive affect and if it is weak then it will be negative. Affect of organizational structure the structure of an organization is important to the performance of the organization. Two basic features of an organization structure are its width i.e. spans of control its height i.e. the levels of decentralization. From different observations done by different researchers it is stated that the change in the organizational structure, through its shape in terms of width and height, would affect the whole organizational performance. According to researchers and theorists there are two possible models of structures. 1-Flat: It consists of cross-functional team, with low formalization, possessing broad information and relying on fast decision making. 2-Tall: Its structure would be the opposite i.e. widespread departmentalization, high formalization, limited information and centralization. Therefore, the Flat model of structure would have the maximum width (span of control) but the minimum height (level), while the Tall model of structure would have the reverse, minimum span of control and maximum level. These are illustrated in Figure 1.

Reasons to Make Capital Punishment Illegal Essay example -- Papers Arg

Capital punishment is one of the most debated topics in the nation today. Since colonial times, more than 13,000 people have been legally executed and a large percentage of these executions occurred during the early 1900's. In the 1930's, approximately 150 people were being legally executed each year. However, the number of executions started to decrease, as public outrage became apparent. Currently, over 3,500 people are on death row. The death penalty violates the Eight Amendment because the act is cruel and unusual, and because the punishment discriminates against the poor and the minorities, the punishment also violates the Fourteenth Amendment. Surprisingly, many victims on death row are mentally retarded or disabled. Unfortunately, the death penalty has many supporters, and their main claim to why the death penalty should be constitutional is that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime, but research has proved their claim to be false. The most disturbing factor of al l is that a significant number of the inmates are innocent. For many reasons, capital punishment should be illegal throughout the nation. Capital punishment is not acceptable because it is unconstitutional. Capital punishment has been proven to violate the Eighth Amendment, which is the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. It is also a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection of the laws and due process. The death penalty, which was legal with no objections through the 1900's, became a controversial issue in 1972. In 1972, the Furman vs. Georgia trial caused the Supreme Court to cancel hundreds of scheduled executions and t... ...lty is a cruel and unusual punishment, and secondly, the Fourteenth Amendment, since it displays unequal protection of the laws and due process. Racial discrimination, sex discrimination, and socio-economic class discrimination are factors that unfairly decide the death penalty. The last two reasons that support the claim that the death penalty should be illegal are the risks of executing an innocent person and the obvious fact that the death penalty does not deter crime. For these reasons, capital punishment should be illegal throughout the nation. Bibliography: Bedau, Peter. Death is Different. Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 1987. Kaminer, Wendy. It’s All the Rage: Crime and Culture. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995. Vilbig, Peter. â€Å"Innocent on Death Row.† New York Times Upfront 18 Sept 2000: 1-11.